Past Events

Fortcoming Events

• Summer School: Cognitive and Functional Approaches to Language
• Seminar: The pictorial space of vision. Representation in perception (August 20-30)

The pictorial space of vision

Representation in perception

August 20-30, 2003

Bolzano, Italy --- Mitteleuropa Foundation

First meeting of the research group on form

Partecipants:

• Liliana Albertazzi (Trento University & Mitteleuropa Foundation)

• Osvaldo Da Pos (Padua University)

• Frederic Fol-Leymarie (Brown University)

• Gert van Tonder (Kyoto University)

• Dhanraj Vishwanath (Berkeley University)

Where Vision science, Computer science, Aesthetics and Theory of Representation meet

The meeting will focus on the concept of representation in perception, its modelling and its relevance for aesthetics. Each participant has at his/her disposal two days to present and discuss his/her research

Titles and topics:

Liliana Albertazzi, The space-time continua of vision 

1. The window of representation: Unfolding the now
2. The pictorial space of cognition
3. Primitives: A blind alley?
4. The identity of perceptual objects

Frederic Fol-Leymarie, Shape representation in 2D and 3D based on a directed graph substrate for the medial axis 

1. Motivation from the fields of : perception, computer vision, computational geometry
2. Definitions and computations
3. Applications

Gert Van Tonder, On self-similarity in visual perception 

1. Self-similarity in ecological vision

2. Revisiting Gestalt principles of vision

3. Curvature-symmetry dualism: a dualism of self-similarity?

4. Revisiting self-similarity, in aesthetics and design

5. Non-computational machine vision through self-similarity generating feedback

Dhanraj Vishwanath, Epistemological issues in perceptual representation: relevance for aesthetics and design.

1. Epistemological status of computer vision
2. Epistemological issues in Vision Science
3. Perception and the contemporary art project
4. Representation in perception and it's relevance to Design

Time-table  

Summer School

Cognitive and Functional Approaches to Language

San Marino, 9-12 June 2003

• International Centre for Semiotics and Cognitive Studies (San Marino)
• Mitteleuropa Foundation (Bolzano)

Lecturers:

Bill Croft (University of Manchester), Toward a new theory of language and semiotics

Diessel Holger (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig), Demonstratives in language use and grammar

Martin Haspelmath (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig), Functional explanation in grammar

Michael Tomasello (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig), Language development

Information:

• The School will take place in San Marino, Antico Monastero Santa Chiara, June 9-12, 2003
• A maximum of 40 participants will be admitted
• Application forms should be sent by June 2, 2003
• Ten grants are available to cover part of accomodation costs and tuition fees (grants do not include travel expenses). The application deadline is May 20, 2003. All applicants should send their curriculum vitae to the postal or e-mail address below
• Further information from:
  • Department of Communication, University of San Marino, Contrada Omerelli 77, 47890 San Marino
  • Phone: ++39-0549-882516
  • Fax: ++39-0549-882519
  • dcom@unirsm.sm 

Design and Cognition

BISCA-2002

Sept 2 - 6 , 2002

(Exile. Painting by Michael Leyton) 

Description:

Most of the world that we know is designed. Furthermore, almost everyone in the Western world has become a designer at their personal computer (e.g., publishing their own web-pages). Design has become everyone's domain, and the 21st century communicates via design. This has made it extremely important to understand the relation between design and cognition. This school brings together four speakers who are internationally known for their work in the areas of design and cognition.

Speakers:

(1) John Gero

    Lectures:

• Cognitive Studies of Designers Designing

• Cognitive Roles of Sketches in Designing

• Measuring Drawings

• Cognitively-based Computational Design Agents

John Gero is Professor of Design Science and Co-Director of the Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition, Department of Architectural and Design Science, at the University of Sydney. He is the author or editor of 30 books and over 400 papers in the fields of design science, artificial intelligence, optimization and computer-aided design. He has been a Visiting Professor of Architecture, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, or Computer Science at UC-Berkeley, UCLA, Columbia and CMU in the USA, at Strathclyde and Loughborough in the UK, at INSA-Lyon in France and at EPFL-Lausanne in Switzerland. His former doctoral students are professors in the USA, UK, Australia, Singapore and Korea. He has been the recipient of many excellence awards including the Harkness, two Fulbrights, two SRC Fellowships and various named chairs. He is on the editorial boards of numerous journals related to computer-aided design, artificial intelligence and knowledge engineering and is the chair of the international conference series Artificial Intelligence in Design.

(2) Michael Leyton

Lectures:

• Theory of Design 1

• Theory of Design 2

• Theory of Design 3

• Theory of Design 4

Michael Leyton is on the faculty in the Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science at Rutgers. His mathematical work on shape has been used in over 20 disciplines from chemical engineering to radiology. His scientific contributions have received several prizes, such as a presidential award, and a medal for scientific achievement. His paintings, sculptures, and architectural projects, have been featured in international design journals and invited exhibitions. The scores of his string quartets are currently being published. Leyton's books "Symmetry, Causality, Mind" (MIT Press) and "A Generative Theory of Shape" (Springer-Verlag) elaborate a new theory of geometry which argues that geometry is the means of recording history; i.e., that geometry is equivalent to memory storage. Related to this, he argues that art works are maximal memory stores. This is supported with lengthy studies of art-works as well as the design process itself. Leyton is president of the International Society for Mathematical and Computational Aesthetics.

(3) Michael J. Pratt

Lectures:

• The interplay between the designer's and the computer's perception of shape in computer aided engineering design

• A historical account of surface and solid modelling in computer aided engineering design

• Form features and their applications in computer aided design and manufacture

• An approach to the standardization of a generative representation of designed shapes

Michael Pratt has been Professor of Computer Aided Engineering and Head of the Department of Applied Computing and Mathematics at Cranfield University in the UK. He has held a senior research positions at the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. His research interests include all aspects of product modelling in mechanical engineering, and especially the use of geometry in the integration of computer aided design (CAD). He is actively involved in the development of the international standard ISO 10303 (STEP) for the exchange of product data; in this context he leads the ISO TC184/SC4 Parametrics Group. Pratt has an MA in physics from Oxford University, an MSc in aeronautical science and a PhD in mechanical engineering from Cranfield. He has published numerous papers and book contributions on CAD and related topics, and is on the editorial boards of the journals Computer Aided Geometric Design, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and International Journal of Shape Modelling.

(4) Gerhard Schmitt

    Lectures:

• Information Space and Information Content
• Information Architecture
• ETH World: An Information Architecture Campus
• Planning the University Environment of the 21st century    

Gerhard Schmitt is Professor of Architecture and Computer Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) at the Department of Architecture of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich. His research focuses on the development of intelligent design support systems and the architectural design of the information territory. Since April, 1998, he is Vice President for Planning and Logistics of ETH Zürich. His most recent books are Architektur mit dem Computer (Vieweg, 1996), a publication on physical, virtual and information architecture, Architectura et Machina (Vieweg, 1993) and Information Architecture (Testo & Immagine) describing the rapidly growing relations between architecture and the machine. In 1996, he completed a two-year term as Dean of the Faculty of Architecture at ETH Zurich. From 1984-88 he was on the Faculty of Architecture at Carnegie Mellon University. He holds a Dr.-Ing. degree from the Technical University of Munich and a Master of Architecture degree from the University of California at Berkeley.

(General Information) (Timetable and List of Panels)

BISCA 2001: Hierarchies of Representation
10-14 September 2001 

POMERANTZ, JAMES (Rice University - Houston - Texas)
BIEDERMAN, IRVING (University of Southern California)
MEYSTEL, ALEXANDER (Drexel University, Philadelphia)
WILLATS, JOHN (University of Birmingham)

BISCA 2000: Dependence and Dynamic Categories
18-22 September 2000

HARALD ATMANSPACHER, Ontic and Epistemic Descriptions in the Sciences
MARK BICKHARD, The Dynamical Birth of Representation
ROBERTO POLI, Upward and Downward Dependence (Levels of Reality)
ROBERT PORT, Timing as Opposed to Being-in-time

BISCA 1999: Advances in Cognitive Semantics
6-10 September 1999

DAVID ALAN CRUSE, Word-meanings and concepts: some problems.
GEORGE LAKOFF, Philosophy in the Flesh
RON LANGACKER, Directions of Research in Conceptual Semantics and Cognitive Grammar
LEN TALMY, Relating Language to Other Cognitive Systems

BISCA 1998: Unfolding Perceptual Continua
7-11 September 1998

LILIANA ALBERTAZZI, The Experimental Phenomenology Standpoint
JAN J. KOENDERINK, Multiply-extended Continua in Vision
GUERINO MAZZOLA, Grouping Paradigms in Music
RUGGERO PIERANTONI, Sensory Perception: Touch and Cognition  

BISCA 1997: Categories: ontological perspectives in knowledge representation. J. Sowa (New York), M. Gross (Paris), D.W. Smith (Irvine), R. Poli (Trento)

BISCA 1996: Semantic fields. W. Wildgen, P. Harder, D. Geeraerts, Z. Kovecses

1995: Spatial reasoning. T. Cohn (Leeds), A. Herskovits (Boston), A. Galton (Exeter), R. Casati (Paris), A. Varzi (Trento)
1995: Life strategies: From reflex to cognition. J. Petitot (Paris), T. Regier (Chicago), L. Steels (Brussel)

1994: Cognitive semantics. R. Langacker (La Jolla), L. Talmy (Buffalo), B. Smith (Buffalo), G. Fauconnier (La Jolla)

1993: What is a form? A. Zimmer (Regensburg), I. Grattan-Guinness (London), J. Petitot (Paris), G. Simmons (Hamburg)
1993: Natural language processing and multilingualism. E. Hovy (Marina del Rey), M. Kay (Palo Alto), R. Kittredge (Montreal), S. Nirenburg (Pittsburgh)

1992: Philosophy of language. D. Marconi (Torino), E. Morscher (Salzburg), A. Bonomi (Milano), R. Roellinger (Utrecht)
1992: Temporal reasoning. J. Allen (Rochester), J. van Benthem (Amsterdam), D. McDermott (Yale), E. Sandewall (Linkoeping)

1991: Formal ontology. B. Smith (Schaan), I. Johannson (Umea), J. Perzanowski (Cracow), M. Bunge (Montreal)
1991: Symbol and reference. B. Becker - C. Lischka (Birlinghoven), M. Boden (Brighton), H. Dreyfus (Berkeley),G. Heyer (Nuernberg)

1990: Phenomenology and analytic philosophy. Mulligan + Kueng + Schulthess, D. Willard (Los Angeles), K. Schuhmann (Utrecht), R. McIntyre (Berkeley)
1990: Cognitive architectures. Connessionism versus Symbolism. G. Trautteur (Napoli), D. Jacquette (Pennsylvania), C. Gurba (Cracow), J. Petitot (Paris)

1989: Central European roots of modern epistemology. I. Grattan-Guinness (London), J. Schulte (Bologna), H. Schnelle (Bochum), J. Wolenski (Cracow)
1989: Knowledge representation. K. Fine (Irvine), A. Varzi (Trento), R. Luccio (Trieste), V. Torre (Genova)

1988: Austrian philosophy (in German). G.E.M. Anscombe (Cambridge), E. Morscher (Salzburg), K. Mulligan (Geneve), K. Schuhmann (Utrecht), P. Simons (Salzburg)
1988: Philosophical perspectives in artificial intelligence. N.I. Nyiri (Budapest), J. Searle (Berkeley), B. Smith (Schaan), L. Stringa (Trento), J. van Benthem (Amsterdam)

N. Calzolari (Pisa), Lexical semantics and computational lexicons

P. Smrz (Brno), Lexical Databases and XML

A. Sinopalnikova (Saint Petersburg), Word Association Thesauri as Lexical Semantic Resources

D. Dobrovolskij (Moscow, Vienna), Lexical Semantics in Contrastive Perspective: The Russian-German Parallel Text Corpus of F.M Dostoevskij’s “Idiot”

The Legacy of Kanizsa in Cognitive Science

10-12 June 2002

The legacy of the Austrian tradition of Gestalt Psychology can be best gauged by looking at the investigations on vision carried out by Gaetano Kanizsa, the most oustanding of Musatti’s pupils. Of Central Eduropean origin (his mother was Slovenian, his father Ungarian), Kanizsa taught mainly in Trieste, the city of his birth, where he inherited the chair vacated by Metelli after only two years. Thus established was the link between the centres of psychological research in Padua and Trieste that has persisted until the present day.

After his early studies on chromatic perception and apparent movement Kanizsa gave further and original development to the distinction between perceptive perception and mental presentation drawn experimentally by Benussi during his research into the phenomena of amodal perception. In other words, Kanizsa specified further aspects of the nature of the passage from perception to abstract knowledge (i.e. the phenomenal domain at the basis of mental presentations), a field of research which has interested all the members of Meinong’s school of Graz. Kanizsa’s results make a number of theoretical points that warrant the closest consideration: for example, his distinction between ‘seeing’ and ‘thinking’ relative to the difference between ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ process, and his concept of ‘amodal completion’ relative to the distinction between ‘encountered’ perceptive presence and ‘imagined’ or mental presence. From this point of view, Kanizsa’s work represents a sophisticated version of the Graz two-storey model, mediated by the influence of the Berlin school and also by opposition to contemporaray cognitivist views on theory of knowledge.

Confirmed Speakers and Titles of Their Talks:

Albertazzi, L., Schools of Gestalt perception

Biederman, I., Michael C. Mangini, A neurocomputational account of face representation

Carsetti, A., Rational perception and self-organization of forms

Hoffman, D., The role of attention in face perception

Kubovy, M., Phenomenology, phenomenological psychophysics, and perceptual organization

Luccio, R., The Emergence of Praegnanz

Malik, J., Ecological Statistics and Perceptual Organization

Massironi, M., (TBA)

Nugochi, K., The relationship between visual illusions and aesthetic preference

Palmer, S., Early vs late grouping

Petitot, J., Geometry of V1 and Kanizsa's contours

Stadler, M.A., Bottom up and top-down components in perception of multistable visual patterns

Vicario, G.B., On masking in visual field

Zanforlin, M., Stereokinetic anomalous contours

Zimmer, A., The role of invariants for stability and singularity in perception

(This conference follows the meeting held in Rome during June 2001, jointly organized with CREA-Paris and University of Tor Vergata in Rome) 
(If you are interested in receiving further information, send a mail to Liliana Albertazzi)

 Abstracts
 Program
 Getting to Bolzano

Lectures 

In collaborazione con Accademia del Design
Gennaio 18, 19, 25, 26 - Febbraio 1, 2

Ogni unità comprende una parte teorica (tenuta ogni venerdi pomeriggio presso la Fondazione Mitteleuropa) e una esercitazione di natura più pratica (tenuta ogni sabato mattina presso l'Accademia del Design).

1 . Introduzione: che cosa si intende per colore e pseudocolore - a che cosa serve la visione a colori - oggettività, soggettività e intersoggettività del colore - "dal contrasto al contesto": colore come 'relazione' fra quanto entra nel campo visivo.
Fenomenologia, misurazione psicologica e sistematica del colore: i grigi, il cerchio delle tinte, i colori della stessa tinta. Il sistema naturale dei colori.
Prove di riproduzione su computer e su stampa di colori pre-determinati (preparazione del materiale da usarsi negli incontri successivi).

2 . Modi di apparire dei colori. Colore: illuminazione, ombra e tridimensionalità. Costanza dei colori (quando si vedono cambiamenti nella luce e quando nei colori; la teoria Retinex e altre teorie principali).
Relazioni fra i colori: esercitazione col sistema NCS indirizzata alla padronanza degli aspetti cromatici che assimilano o discriminano i colori.

3 . Combinazioni di colori: aspetti percettivi ("Interactions") ed estetici.
Vari effetti ed illusioni con colori (dai fenomeni più tradizionali come contrasto, assimilazione, diffusione cromatica, ai più moderni come neon, fluorescenza, trasparenza, colore dal movimento, ecc): analisi ed applicazioni.

Tre giorni di seminario sulla percezione del colore, suddivisi in sei mezze giornate: il venerdì pomeriggio dalle 15 alle 19, il sabato mattina dalle 9 alle 13.
La prima parte di ogni modulo, prevalentemente teorico con dimostrazioni, si terrà presso la sede della Fondazione Mitteleuropa. La seconda parte, prevalentemente sperimentale/pratica, con l'uso di carte colorate e computer, presso l'Accademia di Design.
Si suggeriscono testi di riferimento e, entro la fine del seminario, si fornirà una dispensa degli argomenti trattati.
Si propone una prova di accertamento finale per gli studenti in due fasi: innanzitutto la presentazione da parte di ogni studente di un lavoro personale in cui si realizzi un fenomeno cromatico scelto in accordo con il docente (su carta o al computer); dopo aver ricevuto il lavoro, il docente porrà due o tre quesiti relativi alla tematica svolta, per verificare il grado di consapevolezza con cui sono stati affrontati i vari problemi. La valutazione riguarderà il livello di esecuzione del lavoro e la competenza manifestata nella risposta ai quesiti.

2001 JAHR DER SPRACHEN / 2001 ANNO DELLE LINGUE
DREITÄGIGE STUDIENTAGUNG ÜBER SPRACHWISSENSCHAFTEN /TRE GIORNATE DI STUDIO SUL LINGUAGGIO 

Conference: The Legacy of Nicolai Hartmann, 21-22 June 2001
(An International Conference for the 50th anniversary of Hartmann's death)

21 June, Morning
Opening session. Chairman Jan Wolenski
9.00 Registration and Authorities's Address
9.30 ROBERTO POLI, Hartmann Today
9.45 WOLFGANG WILDGEN, Natural Morphologies and Ontological Levels
10.30-10.45 Coffee break
1^st session. Hartmann's Contributions to Ontology. Part I
10.45 LILIANA ALBERTAZZI, At the Roots of Ontics: Emotional Acts
11.30 PREDRAG CICOVACKI, New Ways of Ontology - The Ways of Interaction

Afternoon. Chairman Liliana Albertazzi
2^nd session. Hartmann's Contributions to Ontology. Part II
15.00 ALBERTO PERUZZI, The Stratified Reality of Nicolai Hartmann
15.45 INGVAR JOHANSSON, Hartmann and the Concept of Supervenience
16.30-16.45 Coffee break
16.45 ERWIN TEGTMEIER, Nicolai Hartmann's Ontology
17.30 ROBERTO POLI, Brooding over Hartmann's Theory of the Levels of Reality

22 June, Morning. Chairman Jerzy Perzanowski
3^rd session. Hartmann's Contributions to the Theories of Action and Values
9.15 GABOR CSEPREGI, The Relevance of Hartmann's Musical Aesthetics
10.00 ROBERT JORDAN, Hartmann, Schutz and the Hermeneutics of Action
10.45-11.00 Coffee break
11.00 ANTONIO DA RE, Objective Spirit and Personal Spirit in Hartmann's Philosophy
11.45 ANDREAS KINNEGING, Hartmann's Vindication of the Moral Order
4^th session. Hartmann's Modal theories. Chairman Ingvar Johansson
15.00 RAFAEL HUENTELMANN, N. H. Modal Ontology of Real Beings and the Deterministic Concept of Being
15.45 JERZY PERZANOWSKI, Remarks on Hartmann's Ontological Modalities
16.30-16.45 Coffee break
16.45 JAN WOLENSKI, Intentio recta, intentio obliqua and the object of knowledge
17.00 Panel discussion and conclusions

Wholes and their Parts (W/P)

17-19 June 1998

PROGRAM

June 17

9 Registration
10 Bill Lawvere, Categorical analyses of the whole/part relation
11,30 Coffee break
12 John Bell, Whole and part in mathematics
13-15 Lunch
15 Steve Vickers, W/P in semantics for programming languages
16 Coffee break
16,30 Colin McLarty, W/P in foundations of mathematics
17,30 Carlo Cellucci, W/P in logical analysis

June 18

9 Gonzalo Reyes, A category-theoretic approach to Aristotle's term logic, with special reference to mass nouns
10 Ettore Casari, On Husserl's theory of wholes and parts
11 Coffee break
11,30 John Mayberry, The classical notion of number and the modern notion of set
12,30-15 Lunch
15 Niles Eldredge, Hierarchical biological systems
16 Coffee break
16,30 Alberto Peruzzi, Wholes and their parts in semantics and epistemology: local/global and internal/external
17,30 Roberto Poli, Wholes and their parts: the ontological stance

June 19

9 Basil Hiley, W/P in mechanics and cosmology
10 Ron Langacker, Wholes and their parts in natural language
11 Coffee break
11,30 Alf Zimmer, W/P in Gestalt psychology
12,30-15 Lunch
15 Ellis D. Cooper, Wholes and parts in quale mechanics
15,20, Holger Schmid-Schönbein, In resonant physiological systems, the whole is less complicated than the sum of its parts
15,40 Irina Dobronravova, Parts and elements of the wholes in synergetics
16 Coffee break
16,30 Nili Mandelblit, The notion of dynamic unit: conceptual developments in cognitive science
16,50 Anthony Atkinson, Wholes and their parts in cognitive psychology
17,10 Lawrence D. Roberts, Sentential meaning and its parts
17,30 Frederik Stjernfeld, Mereology and semiotics
17,50 Ariel Meirav, Plato's Theaetetus and the notion of a Gestalt

The Origins of the Cognitive Sciences 1870-1930
Theories of Representation

December 12-13

PROGRAM

December 12, Morning

Chairman: Elizabeth Valentine
9.00 Opening Address
9.30-10.30 Liliana Albertazzi (Trento), Presentational Primitives
10.30-11.30 Martin Kusch (München), The Politics of Representation: Social Variables of the Thought Psychology Controversy, 1900 to 1920
11.30-12.00 Coffee Break
12.00-13.00 Riccardo Luccio (Firenze), Representation in Psychophysics

December 12, Afternoon

Chairman: Ruggero Pierantoni
15.00-16.00 Jan Sebestik (Paris), Logical (Bolzano) and Phenomenological (Mach) Theories of Representation
16.00-17.00 Gianni Zanarini (Bologna), Helmholtz' and Mach's Theories on Consonance
17.00-17.30 Coffee Break
17.30-18.30 Salvatore D'Agostino (Roma), The Bild Conception of Physical Theory from Helmholtz to Schrödinger
18.30-19.30 Walter Gerbino (Trieste), Representation of Sensory Qualities: The Case of Colour

December 13, Morning

Chairman: Riccardo Luccio
9.00-10.00 Karl Schuhmann (Utrecht), The Concept of Bild in the Early Husserl
10.00-11.00 Elizabeth Valentine (London), Analytic Psychology in G.F. Stout
11.00-11.30 Coffee Break
11.30-12.30 Robin Rollinger (Freiburg), Sensorial Localization in Lotze

December 13, Afternoon

Chairman: Karl Schuhmann
15.00-16.00 W. Wildgen (Bremen), Gestalt Psychology and Semiotics: The Case of Kurt Lewin
16.00-17.00 Ruggero Pierantoni (Genova), The Children's Drawings as Sensitive Probes Sent into the Realm of Representations
17.00-17.30 Coffee Break
17.30-18.30 Luciano Mecacci (Firenze), Morphological Classification of Concepts
18.30-19.30 Alfred Zimmer (Regensburg), The Function of Multiple Formats in Mental Representation

Categorie ontologiche e spazi cognitivi

Bolzano, Castel Mareccio, 22-23 maggio 1997

D. Parisi, Un approccio naturalistico all'ontologia
 R. Poli, Spazi di modellazione: vincoli ontologici e cognitivi
A. Carsetti, Ontologie formali e grammatiche
 N. Guarino, Principi di organizzazione del top-level di una ontologia unificata
M. Santambrogio, Che cosa si prova ad essere Pierre?
 L. Lesmo, Contesto linguistico, pragmatica e significato lessicale

The Brentano Puzzle:

At the origins of the contemporary idea of exact philosophy
Bolzano, November 14-16, 1996

Speakers

L. Albertazzi, Semantic Categories and Perception
J. Blackmore, Brentano's Influence in the University of Vienna Philosophical Society 1888-1938
S. Cattaruzza, Brentano-Boltzmann: The 'Schublade' Experiment
E. Doelling, Meinongs Zeichentheorie
C. Hill, From Empirical Psychology to Phenomenology. Edmund Husserl on the Brentano Puzzle
K. Mulligan, Appropriate Emotions: From Brentano to Wiggins
R. Poli, Philosophy as Science
R. Rollinger, Linguistic Expressions and Acts of Meaning
K. Schuhmann, Dauberts Urteilstheorie
J. Srzednicki, Brentano and the Thinkable
D. Willard, Who Needs Brentano? The Wasteland of Philosophy without Its Past
A. Zimmer, What is Objective in Object Perception?